Abstract: Nanxiaohegou watershed is one of the experimental basins used to study about soil and water conservation in the gully region of loess plateau by Xifeng Soil and Water Conservation Scientific Experimental Station of the Yellow River Water Resources Commission (hereinafter referred to as Xifeng Station). Xifeng Station is approved for establishment in 1951. And Nanxiaohegou was selected as a comprehensive treatment experimental base in 1952. Runoff fields and precipitation stations have been set up since 1954, and long-term runoff and sediments of different runoff fields designed with different micro-topography, different slopes, different land cover types and different treatment measures have been obtained. This data is a collection of 154runoff field observation data sets in Nanxiaohegou Watershed from 1954 to 2018. The observation factors include precipitation, runoff, sediment volume, and soil moisture content. It will provide scientific, reliable, and long-term continuous observation data for researches on the law of soil and water loss in gully region of loess plateau, the construction of a model for predicting soil erosion, and the design of soil and water conservation measures.